feat(perception): appearance-based person re-identification (Issue #322)

Adds PersonTrack/PersonTrackArray msgs and a PersonReidNode that matches
individuals across camera views using HSV colour histogram appearance
features and cosine similarity, with EMA gallery update and 30s stale timeout.

New messages (saltybot_scene_msgs):
  msg/PersonTrack.msg        — track_id, camera_id, bbox, confidence,
                               first_seen, last_seen, is_stale
  msg/PersonTrackArray.msg   — array wrapper with header

New files (saltybot_bringup):
  saltybot_bringup/_person_reid.py    — pure kinematics (no ROS2 deps)
    extract_hsv_histogram()  2-D HS histogram (H=16, S=8 → 128-dim, L2-norm)
    cosine_similarity()      handles zero/non-unit vectors
    match_track()            best gallery match above threshold (strict >)
    TrackGallery             add/update/match/mark_stale/prune_stale
    TrackEntry               mutable dataclass; EMA feature blend (α=0.3)
  saltybot_bringup/person_reid_node.py
    Subscribes /camera/color/image_raw + /saltybot/scene/objects (BEST_EFFORT)
    Crops COCO person (class_id=0) ROIs; extracts features; matches gallery
    Publishes PersonTrackArray on /saltybot/person_tracks at 5 Hz
    Parameters: camera_id, similarity_threshold=0.75, stale_timeout_s=30,
                max_tracks=20, publish_hz=5.0
  test/test_person_reid.py   — 50 tests, all passing

Modified:
  saltybot_scene_msgs/CMakeLists.txt  — register PersonTrack/Array msgs
  saltybot_bringup/setup.py           — add person_reid console_script

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

jetson/ros2_ws/src/saltybot_battery_speed_limiter/config/battery_limiter_config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Battery Speed Limiter Configuration
+battery_speed_limiter:
+  ros__parameters:
+    # Battery percentage thresholds
+    threshold_full_1: 100    # Upper bound for full speed
+    threshold_full_2: 50     # Lower bound for full speed
+    threshold_reduced_1: 50  # Upper bound for reduced speed
+    threshold_reduced_2: 25  # Lower bound for reduced speed
+    threshold_critical_1: 25 # Upper bound for critical speed
+    threshold_critical_2: 15 # Lower bound for critical speed
+    threshold_stop: 15       # Below this: stop
+
+    # Speed limit factors
+    speed_factor_full: 1.0      # 100-50%: full speed
+    speed_factor_reduced: 0.7   # 50-25%: 70% speed
+    speed_factor_critical: 0.4  # 25-15%: 40% speed
+    speed_factor_stop: 0.0      # <15%: stop
+
+    # Publishing frequency (Hz)
+    publish_frequency: 10
+
+    # Enable/disable limiting
+    enable_limiting: true

jetson/ros2_ws/src/saltybot_battery_speed_limiter/launch/battery_speed_limiter.launch.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import os
+from launch import LaunchDescription
+from launch_ros.actions import Node
+from launch_ros.substitutions import FindPackageShare
+from launch.substitutions import PathJoinSubstitution
+
+
+def generate_launch_description():
+    config_dir = PathJoinSubstitution(
+        [FindPackageShare('saltybot_battery_speed_limiter'), 'config']
+    )
+    config_file = PathJoinSubstitution([config_dir, 'battery_limiter_config.yaml'])
+
+    battery_limiter = Node(
+        package='saltybot_battery_speed_limiter',
+        executable='battery_speed_limiter_node',
+        name='battery_speed_limiter',
+        output='screen',
+        parameters=[config_file],
+        remappings=[
+            ('/saltybot/battery_state', '/saltybot/battery_state'),
+            ('/saltybot/speed_limit_factor', '/saltybot/speed_limit_factor'),
+        ],
+    )
+
+    return LaunchDescription([
+        battery_limiter,
+    ])

jetson/ros2_ws/src/saltybot_battery_speed_limiter/package.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<?xml-model href="http://download.ros.org/schema/package_format3.xsd" schematypens="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"?>
+<package format="3">
+  <name>saltybot_battery_speed_limiter</name>
+  <version>0.1.0</version>
+  <description>Battery-aware speed limiter that adjusts robot speed based on battery state to preserve charge</description>
+
+  <maintainer email="sl-controls@saltybot.local">SaltyBot Controls</maintainer>
+  <license>MIT</license>
+
+  <author email="sl-controls@saltybot.local">SaltyBot Controls Team</author>
+
+  <buildtool_depend>ament_cmake</buildtool_depend>
+  <buildtool_depend>ament_cmake_python</buildtool_depend>
+
+  <depend>rclpy</depend>
+  <depend>std_msgs</depend>
+  <depend>sensor_msgs</depend>
+
+  <test_depend>ament_copyright</test_depend>
+  <test_depend>ament_flake8</test_depend>
+  <test_depend>ament_pep257</test_depend>
+  <test_depend>pytest</test_depend>
+
+  <export>
+    <build_type>ament_python</build_type>
+  </export>
+</package>

jetson/ros2_ws/src/saltybot_battery_speed_limiter/saltybot_battery_speed_limiter/battery_speed_limiter_node.py

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Battery-aware speed limiter for SaltyBot.
+
+Subscribes to /saltybot/battery_state and publishes a speed limit factor
+on /saltybot/speed_limit_factor based on remaining battery percentage.
+
+Thresholds:
+  100-50%:  1.0 (full speed)
+  50-25%:   0.7 (70% speed)
+  25-15%:   0.4 (40% speed)
+  <15%:     0.0 (stop, preserve battery)
+"""
+
+import rclpy
+from rclpy.node import Node
+from std_msgs.msg import Float32
+from sensor_msgs.msg import BatteryState
+
+
+class BatterySpeedLimiterNode(Node):
+    """ROS2 node for battery-aware speed limiting."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__('battery_speed_limiter')
+
+        # Parameters
+        self.declare_parameter('threshold_full_1', 100)       # 100%
+        self.declare_parameter('threshold_full_2', 50)        # 50%
+        self.declare_parameter('threshold_reduced_1', 50)     # 50%
+        self.declare_parameter('threshold_reduced_2', 25)     # 25%
+        self.declare_parameter('threshold_critical_1', 25)    # 25%
+        self.declare_parameter('threshold_critical_2', 15)    # 15%
+        self.declare_parameter('threshold_stop', 15)          # <15%
+
+        self.declare_parameter('speed_factor_full', 1.0)
+        self.declare_parameter('speed_factor_reduced', 0.7)
+        self.declare_parameter('speed_factor_critical', 0.4)
+        self.declare_parameter('speed_factor_stop', 0.0)
+
+        self.declare_parameter('publish_frequency', 10)
+        self.declare_parameter('enable_limiting', True)
+
+        # Read parameters
+        self.threshold_full_1 = self.get_parameter('threshold_full_1').value
+        self.threshold_full_2 = self.get_parameter('threshold_full_2').value
+        self.threshold_reduced_1 = self.get_parameter('threshold_reduced_1').value
+        self.threshold_reduced_2 = self.get_parameter('threshold_reduced_2').value
+        self.threshold_critical_1 = self.get_parameter('threshold_critical_1').value
+        self.threshold_critical_2 = self.get_parameter('threshold_critical_2').value
+        self.threshold_stop = self.get_parameter('threshold_stop').value
+
+        self.speed_factor_full = self.get_parameter('speed_factor_full').value
+        self.speed_factor_reduced = self.get_parameter('speed_factor_reduced').value
+        self.speed_factor_critical = self.get_parameter('speed_factor_critical').value
+        self.speed_factor_stop = self.get_parameter('speed_factor_stop').value
+
+        publish_frequency = self.get_parameter('publish_frequency').value
+        self.enable_limiting = self.get_parameter('enable_limiting').value
+
+        # Current battery percentage
+        self.current_battery_percent = 100.0
+
+        # Subscription to battery state
+        self.sub_battery = self.create_subscription(
+            BatteryState, '/saltybot/battery_state', self._on_battery_state, 10
+        )
+
+        # Publisher for speed limit factor
+        self.pub_speed_limit = self.create_publisher(
+            Float32, '/saltybot/speed_limit_factor', 10
+        )
+
+        # Timer for publishing at fixed frequency
+        period = 1.0 / publish_frequency
+        self.timer = self.create_timer(period, self._timer_callback)
+
+        self.get_logger().info(
+            f"Battery speed limiter initialized. "
+            f"Thresholds: Full={self.threshold_full_2}%, "
+            f"Reduced={self.threshold_reduced_2}%, "
+            f"Critical={self.threshold_critical_2}%, "
+            f"Stop={self.threshold_stop}%"
+        )
+
+    def _on_battery_state(self, msg: BatteryState) -> None:
+        """Callback for battery state messages.
+
+        Extract percentage from BatteryState message.
+        Handles both direct percentage field and calculated percentage.
+        """
+        # Try to get percentage from message
+        if msg.percentage >= 0:
+            self.current_battery_percent = msg.percentage * 100.0
+        else:
+            # Calculate from voltage if percentage not available
+            # Standard LiPo cells: 3V min, 4.2V max per cell
+            # Assume 2S (8.4V max) or 3S (12.6V max) pack
+            # This is a fallback - ideally percentage is provided
+            if msg.voltage > 0:
+                # Normalize to 0-1 based on typical LiPo range
+                min_voltage = 6.0  # 2S minimum
+                max_voltage = 8.4  # 2S maximum
+                normalized = (msg.voltage - min_voltage) / (max_voltage - min_voltage)
+                self.current_battery_percent = max(0.0, min(100.0, normalized * 100.0))
+
+    def _calculate_speed_limit(self, battery_percent: float) -> float:
+        """Calculate speed limit factor based on battery percentage.
+
+        Args:
+            battery_percent: Battery state as percentage (0-100)
+
+        Returns:
+            Speed limit factor (0.0-1.0)
+        """
+        if not self.enable_limiting:
+            return 1.0
+
+        # Apply thresholds
+        if battery_percent >= self.threshold_full_2:
+            # 100-50%: Full speed
+            return self.speed_factor_full
+        elif battery_percent >= self.threshold_reduced_2:
+            # 50-25%: Reduced speed (70%)
+            return self.speed_factor_reduced
+        elif battery_percent >= self.threshold_critical_2:
+            # 25-15%: Critical speed (40%)
+            return self.speed_factor_critical
+        else:
+            # <15%: Stop to preserve battery
+            return self.speed_factor_stop
+
+    def _timer_callback(self) -> None:
+        """Periodically publish speed limit factor based on battery state."""
+        speed_limit = self._calculate_speed_limit(self.current_battery_percent)
+        msg = Float32(data=speed_limit)
+        self.pub_speed_limit.publish(msg)
+
+
+def main(args=None):
+    rclpy.init(args=args)
+    node = BatterySpeedLimiterNode()
+    try:
+        rclpy.spin(node)
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        pass
+    finally:
+        node.destroy_node()
+        rclpy.shutdown()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

jetson/ros2_ws/src/saltybot_battery_speed_limiter/setup.cfg

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[develop]
+script_dir=$base/lib/saltybot_battery_speed_limiter
+[egg_info]
+tag_build =
+tag_date = 0

jetson/ros2_ws/src/saltybot_battery_speed_limiter/setup.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+from setuptools import setup, find_packages
+
+package_name = 'saltybot_battery_speed_limiter'
+
+setup(
+    name=package_name,
+    version='0.1.0',
+    packages=find_packages(exclude=['test']),
+    data_files=[
+        ('share/ament_index/resource_index/packages',
+            ['resource/saltybot_battery_speed_limiter']),
+        ('share/' + package_name, ['package.xml']),
+        ('share/' + package_name + '/config', ['config/battery_limiter_config.yaml']),
+        ('share/' + package_name + '/launch', ['launch/battery_speed_limiter.launch.py']),
+    ],
+    install_requires=['setuptools'],
+    zip_safe=True,
+    author='SaltyBot Controls',
+    author_email='sl-controls@saltybot.local',
+    maintainer='SaltyBot Controls',
+    maintainer_email='sl-controls@saltybot.local',
+    keywords=['ROS2', 'battery', 'speed', 'limiter'],
+    classifiers=[
+        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
+        'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
+        'Topic :: Software Development',
+    ],
+    entry_points={
+        'console_scripts': [
+            'battery_speed_limiter_node=saltybot_battery_speed_limiter.battery_speed_limiter_node:main',
+        ],
+    },
+)

jetson/ros2_ws/src/saltybot_battery_speed_limiter/test/test_battery_speed_limiter.py

@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+"""Unit tests for battery speed limiter node."""
+
+import pytest
+from sensor_msgs.msg import BatteryState
+from std_msgs.msg import Float32
+
+import rclpy
+
+from saltybot_battery_speed_limiter.battery_speed_limiter_node import (
+    BatterySpeedLimiterNode,
+)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def rclpy_fixture():
+    """Initialize and cleanup rclpy."""
+    rclpy.init()
+    yield
+    rclpy.shutdown()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def node(rclpy_fixture):
+    """Create a battery speed limiter node instance."""
+    node = BatterySpeedLimiterNode()
+    yield node
+    node.destroy_node()
+
+
+class TestBatterySpeedLimiterNode:
+    """Test suite for BatterySpeedLimiterNode."""
+
+    def test_node_initialization(self, node):
+        """Test that node initializes with correct defaults."""
+        assert node.current_battery_percent == 100.0
+        assert node.enable_limiting is True
+        assert node.speed_factor_full == 1.0
+        assert node.speed_factor_reduced == 0.7
+        assert node.speed_factor_critical == 0.4
+        assert node.speed_factor_stop == 0.0
+
+    def test_battery_state_subscription(self, node):
+        """Test battery state subscription updates percentage."""
+        battery_msg = BatteryState()
+        battery_msg.percentage = 0.75  # 75% (0-1 range)
+
+        node._on_battery_state(battery_msg)
+
+        assert node.current_battery_percent == 75.0
+
+    def test_battery_percentage_conversion(self, node):
+        """Test percentage conversion from 0-1 to 0-100 range."""
+        battery_msg = BatteryState()
+        battery_msg.percentage = 0.5  # 50%
+
+        node._on_battery_state(battery_msg)
+
+        assert node.current_battery_percent == 50.0
+
+    def test_battery_zero_percent(self, node):
+        """Test zero battery percentage."""
+        battery_msg = BatteryState()
+        battery_msg.percentage = 0.0
+
+        node._on_battery_state(battery_msg)
+
+        assert node.current_battery_percent == 0.0
+
+    def test_battery_full_percent(self, node):
+        """Test full battery percentage."""
+        battery_msg = BatteryState()
+        battery_msg.percentage = 1.0
+
+        node._on_battery_state(battery_msg)
+
+        assert node.current_battery_percent == 100.0
+
+    def test_speed_limit_threshold_full_100_percent(self, node):
+        """Test speed limit at 100% battery (full speed)."""
+        speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(100.0)
+        assert speed_limit == 1.0
+
+    def test_speed_limit_threshold_full_75_percent(self, node):
+        """Test speed limit at 75% battery (full speed range)."""
+        speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(75.0)
+        assert speed_limit == 1.0
+
+    def test_speed_limit_threshold_full_50_percent(self, node):
+        """Test speed limit at 50% battery (boundary)."""
+        speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(50.0)
+        assert speed_limit == 1.0
+
+    def test_speed_limit_threshold_reduced_49_percent(self, node):
+        """Test speed limit at 49% battery (just below full threshold)."""
+        speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(49.0)
+        assert speed_limit == 0.7
+
+    def test_speed_limit_threshold_reduced_37_percent(self, node):
+        """Test speed limit at 37% battery (reduced range)."""
+        speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(37.0)
+        assert speed_limit == 0.7
+
+    def test_speed_limit_threshold_reduced_25_percent(self, node):
+        """Test speed limit at 25% battery (boundary)."""
+        speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(25.0)
+        assert speed_limit == 0.7
+
+    def test_speed_limit_threshold_critical_24_percent(self, node):
+        """Test speed limit at 24% battery (just below reduced threshold)."""
+        speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(24.0)
+        assert speed_limit == 0.4
+
+    def test_speed_limit_threshold_critical_20_percent(self, node):
+        """Test speed limit at 20% battery (critical range)."""
+        speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(20.0)
+        assert speed_limit == 0.4
+
+    def test_speed_limit_threshold_critical_15_percent(self, node):
+        """Test speed limit at 15% battery (boundary)."""
+        speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(15.0)
+        assert speed_limit == 0.4
+
+    def test_speed_limit_threshold_stop_14_percent(self, node):
+        """Test speed limit at 14% battery (just below critical threshold)."""
+        speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(14.0)
+        assert speed_limit == 0.0
+
+    def test_speed_limit_threshold_stop_5_percent(self, node):
+        """Test speed limit at 5% battery (stop range)."""
+        speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(5.0)
+        assert speed_limit == 0.0
+
+    def test_speed_limit_threshold_stop_0_percent(self, node):
+        """Test speed limit at 0% battery (empty)."""
+        speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(0.0)
+        assert speed_limit == 0.0
+
+    def test_speed_limit_limiting_disabled(self, node):
+        """Test that limiting can be disabled."""
+        node.enable_limiting = False
+
+        # Even at critical battery, should return full speed
+        speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(10.0)
+        assert speed_limit == 1.0
+
+    def test_speed_limit_limiting_enabled(self, node):
+        """Test that limiting is enabled by default."""
+        node.enable_limiting = True
+
+        speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(10.0)
+        assert speed_limit == 0.0
+
+    def test_threshold_transitions_high_to_low(self, node):
+        """Test transitions from high to low battery levels."""
+        # Start at 100%
+        assert node._calculate_speed_limit(100.0) == 1.0
+
+        # Transition to reduced at 49%
+        assert node._calculate_speed_limit(49.0) == 0.7
+
+        # Transition to critical at 24%
+        assert node._calculate_speed_limit(24.0) == 0.4
+
+        # Transition to stop at 14%
+        assert node._calculate_speed_limit(14.0) == 0.0
+
+    def test_threshold_transitions_low_to_high(self, node):
+        """Test transitions from low to high battery levels (charging)."""
+        # Start at 0%
+        assert node._calculate_speed_limit(0.0) == 0.0
+
+        # Transition to critical at 15%
+        assert node._calculate_speed_limit(15.0) == 0.4
+
+        # Transition to reduced at 25%
+        assert node._calculate_speed_limit(25.0) == 0.7
+
+        # Transition to full at 50%
+        assert node._calculate_speed_limit(50.0) == 1.0
+
+    def test_battery_state_with_voltage_fallback(self, node):
+        """Test battery state extraction when percentage not available."""
+        battery_msg = BatteryState()
+        battery_msg.percentage = -1.0  # Invalid percentage
+        battery_msg.voltage = 8.0  # 2S LiPo approximate mid-range
+
+        node._on_battery_state(battery_msg)
+
+        # Should calculate from voltage
+        assert 0 <= node.current_battery_percent <= 100
+
+    def test_timer_callback_publishes(self, node):
+        """Test that timer callback executes without error."""
+        node._timer_callback()
+
+        # Should execute without crashing
+
+    def test_speed_limit_continuity(self, node):
+        """Test that speed limits are continuous across range."""
+        for percent in range(0, 101, 5):
+            speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(float(percent))
+            assert 0.0 <= speed_limit <= 1.0
+
+    def test_custom_threshold_values(self, node):
+        """Test that custom threshold parameters are respected."""
+        # Modify thresholds
+        node.threshold_full_2 = 60
+        node.threshold_reduced_2 = 30
+        node.threshold_critical_2 = 10
+
+        # Test new boundaries
+        assert node._calculate_speed_limit(60.0) == 1.0
+        assert node._calculate_speed_limit(59.0) == 0.7
+        assert node._calculate_speed_limit(30.0) == 0.7
+        assert node._calculate_speed_limit(29.0) == 0.4
+        assert node._calculate_speed_limit(10.0) == 0.4
+        assert node._calculate_speed_limit(9.0) == 0.0
+
+    def test_custom_speed_factors(self, node):
+        """Test that custom speed factor parameters are respected."""
+        # Modify speed factors
+        node.speed_factor_full = 1.0
+        node.speed_factor_reduced = 0.5
+        node.speed_factor_critical = 0.25
+        node.speed_factor_stop = 0.0
+
+        assert node._calculate_speed_limit(100.0) == 1.0
+        assert node._calculate_speed_limit(50.0) == 0.5
+        assert node._calculate_speed_limit(25.0) == 0.25
+        assert node._calculate_speed_limit(10.0) == 0.0
+
+
+class TestBatterySpeedLimiterScenarios:
+    """Integration-style tests for realistic scenarios."""
+
+    def test_scenario_normal_operation_high_battery(self, node):
+        """Scenario: Normal operation with high battery."""
+        battery_msg = BatteryState()
+        battery_msg.percentage = 0.85  # 85%
+
+        node._on_battery_state(battery_msg)
+        speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(node.current_battery_percent)
+
+        assert speed_limit == 1.0
+
+    def test_scenario_moderate_battery_level(self, node):
+        """Scenario: Moderate battery level requires reduced speed."""
+        battery_msg = BatteryState()
+        battery_msg.percentage = 0.4  # 40%
+
+        node._on_battery_state(battery_msg)
+        speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(node.current_battery_percent)
+
+        assert speed_limit == 0.7
+
+    def test_scenario_critical_battery_level(self, node):
+        """Scenario: Critical battery level requires restricted speed."""
+        battery_msg = BatteryState()
+        battery_msg.percentage = 0.2  # 20%
+
+        node._on_battery_state(battery_msg)
+        speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(node.current_battery_percent)
+
+        assert speed_limit == 0.4
+
+    def test_scenario_near_empty_battery(self, node):
+        """Scenario: Battery near empty, speed stopped to preserve charge."""
+        battery_msg = BatteryState()
+        battery_msg.percentage = 0.08  # 8%
+
+        node._on_battery_state(battery_msg)
+        speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(node.current_battery_percent)
+
+        assert speed_limit == 0.0
+
+    def test_scenario_battery_charge_cycle(self, node):
+        """Scenario: Battery through complete charge/discharge cycle."""
+        battery_percentages = [5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 90, 100]
+        expected_factors = [0.0, 0.0, 0.4, 0.4, 0.7, 0.7, 0.7, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]
+
+        for percent, expected_factor in zip(battery_percentages, expected_factors):
+            speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(float(percent))
+            assert speed_limit == expected_factor
+
+    def test_scenario_continuous_battery_update(self, node):
+        """Scenario: Continuous battery state updates."""
+        for percent in range(100, 0, -5):
+            battery_msg = BatteryState()
+            battery_msg.percentage = percent / 100.0
+
+            node._on_battery_state(battery_msg)
+            speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(node.current_battery_percent)
+
+            # Should always return valid factor
+            assert 0.0 <= speed_limit <= 1.0
+
+    def test_scenario_rapid_threshold_crossing(self, node):
+        """Scenario: Rapid crossing of speed limit thresholds."""
+        thresholds = [100, 50, 49, 25, 24, 15, 14, 0]
+
+        for percent in thresholds:
+            speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(float(percent))
+            assert 0.0 <= speed_limit <= 1.0
+
+    def test_scenario_hysteresis_behavior(self, node):
+        """Test behavior near threshold boundaries."""
+        # Test just below and above each threshold
+        test_cases = [
+            (50.1, 1.0),  # Just above 50% boundary (full speed)
+            (49.9, 0.7),  # Just below 50% boundary (reduced)
+            (25.1, 0.7),  # Just above 25% boundary (reduced)
+            (24.9, 0.4),  # Just below 25% boundary (critical)
+            (15.1, 0.4),  # Just above 15% boundary (critical)
+            (14.9, 0.0),  # Just below 15% boundary (stop)
+        ]
+
+        for percent, expected_factor in test_cases:
+            speed_limit = node._calculate_speed_limit(percent)
+            assert speed_limit == expected_factor

jetson/ros2_ws/src/saltybot_social/config/camera_hotplug_params.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+camera_hotplug_node:
+  ros__parameters:
+    video_glob:      "/dev/video*"          # glob pattern for USB camera devices
+    output_topic:    "/saltybot/camera_status"
+
+    poll_rate:       2.0     # device scan frequency (Hz)
+
+    # Reconnect detection: if a camera reappears within restart_grace_s
+    # seconds of being lost, publish "restarting" instead of "connected".
+    restart_grace_s: 5.0     # reconnect grace window (s)
+    restart_hold_s:  2.0     # duration to hold "restarting" before resolving (s)
+
+    # Set true to publish status on every poll tick, not only on change.
+    publish_always:  false

jetson/ros2_ws/src/saltybot_social/launch/camera_hotplug.launch.py

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+"""camera_hotplug.launch.py — Launch USB camera hot-plug monitor (Issue #320).
+
+Usage:
+  ros2 launch saltybot_social camera_hotplug.launch.py
+  ros2 launch saltybot_social camera_hotplug.launch.py video_glob:=/dev/video0
+  ros2 launch saltybot_social camera_hotplug.launch.py restart_grace_s:=10.0
+"""
+
+import os
+from ament_index_python.packages import get_package_share_directory
+from launch import LaunchDescription
+from launch.actions import DeclareLaunchArgument
+from launch.substitutions import LaunchConfiguration
+from launch_ros.actions import Node
+
+
+def generate_launch_description():
+    pkg = get_package_share_directory("saltybot_social")
+    cfg = os.path.join(pkg, "config", "camera_hotplug_params.yaml")
+
+    return LaunchDescription([
+        DeclareLaunchArgument("video_glob",      default_value="/dev/video*",
+                              description="Glob pattern for video device discovery"),
+        DeclareLaunchArgument("poll_rate",       default_value="2.0",
+                              description="Device scan frequency (Hz)"),
+        DeclareLaunchArgument("restart_grace_s", default_value="5.0",
+                              description="Reconnect window that triggers 'restarting' (s)"),
+
+        Node(
+            package="saltybot_social",
+            executable="camera_hotplug_node",
+            name="camera_hotplug_node",
+            output="screen",
+            parameters=[
+                cfg,
+                {
+                    "video_glob":      LaunchConfiguration("video_glob"),
+                    "poll_rate":       LaunchConfiguration("poll_rate"),
+                    "restart_grace_s": LaunchConfiguration("restart_grace_s"),
+                },
+            ],
+        ),
+    ])

jetson/ros2_ws/src/saltybot_social/saltybot_social/camera_hotplug_node.py

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+"""camera_hotplug_node.py — USB camera hot-plug monitor.
+Issue #320
+
+Polls ``/dev/video*`` at a configurable rate to detect USB camera
+connect / disconnect events and publishes a status string on
+/saltybot/camera_status.
+
+Status values
+─────────────
+  "connected"     — one or more video devices present and stable
+  "disconnected"  — no /dev/video* devices found
+  "restarting"    — device set changed (hot-swap / reconnect); downstream
+                    capture pipelines should restart.  Held for
+                    ``restart_hold_s`` seconds then resolved to
+                    "connected" or "disconnected" based on re-scan.
+
+State machine
+─────────────
+  DISCONNECTED ──(devices appear, within grace window)──► RESTARTING
+  DISCONNECTED ──(devices appear, outside grace window)─► CONNECTED
+  CONNECTED    ──(all devices lost)──────────────────────► DISCONNECTED
+  CONNECTED    ──(device set changed)────────────────────► RESTARTING
+  RESTARTING   ──(hold_s elapsed, devices present)───────► CONNECTED
+  RESTARTING   ──(hold_s elapsed, no devices)────────────► DISCONNECTED
+
+  Initial state is set by the first scan at startup (no "restarting" on boot).
+
+Publications
+────────────
+  /saltybot/camera_status   std_msgs/String  — "connected" | "disconnected"
+                                               | "restarting"
+
+Parameters
+──────────
+  video_glob       (str,   "/dev/video*")  glob for device discovery
+  poll_rate        (float, 2.0)            scan frequency (Hz)
+  restart_grace_s  (float, 5.0)            reconnect window; if a camera
+                                           reappears within this many seconds
+                                           of being lost → "restarting"
+  restart_hold_s   (float, 2.0)            how long to hold "restarting"
+  publish_always   (bool,  False)          publish on every tick, not only
+                                           on state change
+  output_topic     (str,   "/saltybot/camera_status")
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import glob as _glob_mod
+import threading
+import time
+from typing import FrozenSet, Tuple
+
+import rclpy
+from rclpy.node import Node
+from rclpy.qos import QoSProfile
+from std_msgs.msg import String
+
+
+# ── Status constants ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+STATUS_CONNECTED    = "connected"
+STATUS_DISCONNECTED = "disconnected"
+STATUS_RESTARTING   = "restarting"
+
+
+# ── Pure helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def scan_video_devices(video_glob: str) -> FrozenSet[str]:
+    """Return the frozenset of /dev/video* paths currently present.
+
+    Catches permission / OS errors and returns an empty frozenset.
+    """
+    try:
+        return frozenset(_glob_mod.glob(video_glob))
+    except Exception:
+        return frozenset()
+
+
+def compute_transition(
+    state: str,
+    prev_devices: FrozenSet[str],
+    curr_devices: FrozenSet[str],
+    now: float,
+    disconnect_time: float,
+    restart_until: float,
+    restart_grace_s: float,
+    restart_hold_s: float,
+) -> Tuple[str, float, float]:
+    """Pure state-machine step — no I/O, no ROS.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    state            : current status string
+    prev_devices     : device set from the previous scan
+    curr_devices     : device set from the current scan
+    now              : current monotonic time (s)
+    disconnect_time  : monotonic time of the last CONNECTED → DISCONNECTED
+                       transition (0.0 = never disconnected)
+    restart_until    : monotonic time at which RESTARTING resolves
+    restart_grace_s  : reconnect window that triggers RESTARTING
+    restart_hold_s   : duration to hold RESTARTING before resolving
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    (new_state, new_disconnect_time, new_restart_until)
+    """
+    if state == STATUS_RESTARTING:
+        if now >= restart_until:
+            if curr_devices:
+                return STATUS_CONNECTED, disconnect_time, restart_until
+            return STATUS_DISCONNECTED, now, restart_until
+        return STATUS_RESTARTING, disconnect_time, restart_until
+
+    if state == STATUS_CONNECTED:
+        if not curr_devices:
+            # All cameras lost
+            return STATUS_DISCONNECTED, now, restart_until
+        if curr_devices != prev_devices:
+            # Hot-swap or device renumbering
+            return STATUS_RESTARTING, disconnect_time, now + restart_hold_s
+        return STATUS_CONNECTED, disconnect_time, restart_until
+
+    # STATUS_DISCONNECTED
+    if curr_devices:
+        # Reconnect: check if we're inside the grace window
+        if disconnect_time > 0.0 and (now - disconnect_time) <= restart_grace_s:
+            return STATUS_RESTARTING, disconnect_time, now + restart_hold_s
+        return STATUS_CONNECTED, disconnect_time, restart_until
+    return STATUS_DISCONNECTED, disconnect_time, restart_until
+
+
+# ── ROS2 node ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+class CameraHotplugNode(Node):
+    """Monitors /dev/video* and publishes camera connection status."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__("camera_hotplug_node")
+
+        self.declare_parameter("video_glob",      "/dev/video*")
+        self.declare_parameter("poll_rate",        2.0)
+        self.declare_parameter("restart_grace_s",  5.0)
+        self.declare_parameter("restart_hold_s",   2.0)
+        self.declare_parameter("publish_always",   False)
+        self.declare_parameter("output_topic",     "/saltybot/camera_status")
+
+        self._glob         = self.get_parameter("video_glob").value
+        poll_rate          = float(self.get_parameter("poll_rate").value)
+        self._grace_s      = float(self.get_parameter("restart_grace_s").value)
+        self._hold_s       = float(self.get_parameter("restart_hold_s").value)
+        self._pub_always   = bool(self.get_parameter("publish_always").value)
+        output_topic       = self.get_parameter("output_topic").value
+
+        # Injected scan function — allows unit-test mocking
+        self._scan_fn = scan_video_devices
+
+        # Perform initial scan (before any lock or timer)
+        initial = self._scan_fn(self._glob)
+        self._state          = STATUS_CONNECTED if initial else STATUS_DISCONNECTED
+        self._prev_devices   = initial
+        self._disconnect_time: float = 0.0
+        self._restart_until:  float  = 0.0
+        self._lock = threading.Lock()
+
+        qos = QoSProfile(depth=10)
+        self._pub   = self.create_publisher(String, output_topic, qos)
+        self._timer = self.create_timer(1.0 / poll_rate, self._scan_cb)
+
+        # Publish initial state
+        self._publish(self._state)
+
+        n_dev = len(initial)
+        self.get_logger().info(
+            f"CameraHotplugNode ready — initial state: {self._state} "
+            f"({n_dev} device(s): {sorted(initial)})"
+        )
+
+    # ── Scan callback ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def _scan_cb(self) -> None:
+        now  = time.monotonic()
+        curr = self._scan_fn(self._glob)
+
+        with self._lock:
+            prev   = self._prev_devices
+            state  = self._state
+            disc_t = self._disconnect_time
+            rup    = self._restart_until
+
+        new_state, new_disc_t, new_rup = compute_transition(
+            state, prev, curr, now, disc_t, rup,
+            self._grace_s, self._hold_s,
+        )
+
+        changed = new_state != state
+
+        with self._lock:
+            self._prev_devices    = curr
+            self._state           = new_state
+            self._disconnect_time = new_disc_t
+            self._restart_until   = new_rup
+
+        if changed:
+            self.get_logger().info(
+                f"CameraHotplug: {state!r} → {new_state!r} "
+                f"(devices: {sorted(curr) or 'none'})"
+            )
+
+        if changed or self._pub_always:
+            self._publish(new_state)
+
+    # ── Publish ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def _publish(self, status: str) -> None:
+        msg = String()
+        msg.data = status
+        self._pub.publish(msg)
+
+    # ── Public accessors (for tests / introspection) ─────────────────────
+
+    @property
+    def state(self) -> str:
+        with self._lock:
+            return self._state
+
+    @property
+    def devices(self) -> FrozenSet[str]:
+        with self._lock:
+            return self._prev_devices
+
+
+def main(args=None) -> None:
+    rclpy.init(args=args)
+    node = CameraHotplugNode()
+    try:
+        rclpy.spin(node)
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        pass
+    finally:
+        node.destroy_node()
+        rclpy.shutdown()

jetson/ros2_ws/src/saltybot_social/setup.py

@@ -57,8 +57,10 @@ setup(
             'topic_memory_node = saltybot_social.topic_memory_node:main',
             # Personal space respector (Issue #310)
             'personal_space_node = saltybot_social.personal_space_node:main',
-            # Audio wake-word detector — 'hey salty' (Issue #320)
+            # Audio wake-word detector — 'hey salty'
             'wake_word_node = saltybot_social.wake_word_node:main',
+            # USB camera hot-plug monitor (Issue #320)
+            'camera_hotplug_node = saltybot_social.camera_hotplug_node:main',
         ],
     },
 )

jetson/ros2_ws/src/saltybot_social/test/test_camera_hotplug.py

@@ -0,0 +1,630 @@
+"""test_camera_hotplug.py — Offline tests for camera_hotplug_node (Issue #320).
+
+Stubs out rclpy and ROS message types so tests run without a ROS install.
+Filesystem calls are avoided by injecting a mock scan function.
+"""
+
+import importlib.util
+import sys
+import time
+import types
+import unittest
+
+
+# ── ROS2 stubs ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def _make_ros_stubs():
+    for mod_name in ("rclpy", "rclpy.node", "rclpy.qos",
+                     "std_msgs", "std_msgs.msg"):
+        if mod_name not in sys.modules:
+            sys.modules[mod_name] = types.ModuleType(mod_name)
+
+    class _Node:
+        def __init__(self, name="node"):
+            self._name = name
+            if not hasattr(self, "_params"):
+                self._params = {}
+            self._pubs   = {}
+            self._subs   = {}
+            self._logs   = []
+            self._timers = []
+
+        def declare_parameter(self, name, default):
+            if name not in self._params:
+                self._params[name] = default
+
+        def get_parameter(self, name):
+            class _P:
+                def __init__(self, v): self.value = v
+            return _P(self._params.get(name))
+
+        def create_publisher(self, msg_type, topic, qos):
+            pub = _FakePub()
+            self._pubs[topic] = pub
+            return pub
+
+        def create_subscription(self, msg_type, topic, cb, qos):
+            self._subs[topic] = cb
+            return object()
+
+        def create_timer(self, period, cb):
+            self._timers.append(cb)
+            return object()
+
+        def get_logger(self):
+            node = self
+            class _L:
+                def info(self, m):  node._logs.append(("INFO",  m))
+                def warn(self, m):  node._logs.append(("WARN",  m))
+                def error(self, m): node._logs.append(("ERROR", m))
+            return _L()
+
+        def destroy_node(self): pass
+
+    class _FakePub:
+        def __init__(self):
+            self.msgs = []
+        def publish(self, msg):
+            self.msgs.append(msg)
+
+    class _QoSProfile:
+        def __init__(self, depth=10): self.depth = depth
+
+    class _String:
+        def __init__(self): self.data = ""
+
+    rclpy_mod = sys.modules["rclpy"]
+    rclpy_mod.init     = lambda args=None: None
+    rclpy_mod.spin     = lambda node: None
+    rclpy_mod.shutdown = lambda: None
+
+    sys.modules["rclpy.node"].Node      = _Node
+    sys.modules["rclpy.qos"].QoSProfile = _QoSProfile
+    sys.modules["std_msgs.msg"].String  = _String
+
+    return _Node, _FakePub, _String
+
+
+_Node, _FakePub, _String = _make_ros_stubs()
+
+
+# ── Module loader ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+_SRC = (
+    "/Users/seb/AI/saltylab-firmware/jetson/ros2_ws/src/"
+    "saltybot_social/saltybot_social/camera_hotplug_node.py"
+)
+
+
+def _load_mod():
+    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("camera_hotplug_testmod", _SRC)
+    mod  = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+    spec.loader.exec_module(mod)
+    return mod
+
+
+def _make_node(mod, initial_devices=frozenset(), **kwargs):
+    """Construct a CameraHotplugNode with a mocked scan function."""
+    node = mod.CameraHotplugNode.__new__(mod.CameraHotplugNode)
+    defaults = {
+        "video_glob":      "/dev/video*",
+        "poll_rate":        2.0,
+        "restart_grace_s":  5.0,
+        "restart_hold_s":   2.0,
+        "publish_always":   False,
+        "output_topic":    "/saltybot/camera_status",
+    }
+    defaults.update(kwargs)
+    node._params = dict(defaults)
+
+    # Patch scan so the initial scan (inside __init__) returns initial_devices
+    orig = mod.scan_video_devices
+    mod.scan_video_devices = lambda g: frozenset(initial_devices)
+    try:
+        mod.CameraHotplugNode.__init__(node)
+    finally:
+        mod.scan_video_devices = orig
+
+    # Keep using the mock for subsequent _scan_cb calls
+    node._scan_fn = lambda g: frozenset(initial_devices)
+    return node
+
+
+def _set_scan(node, devices):
+    """Replace node._scan_fn to return a fixed device set."""
+    node._scan_fn = lambda g: frozenset(devices)
+
+
+# ── Tests: pure helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+class TestScanVideoDevices(unittest.TestCase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls): cls.mod = _load_mod()
+
+    def test_returns_frozenset(self):
+        result = self.mod.scan_video_devices("/dev/video*")
+        self.assertIsInstance(result, frozenset)
+
+    def test_nonexistent_glob_returns_empty(self):
+        result = self.mod.scan_video_devices("/nonexistent_path_xyz_abc/video*")
+        self.assertEqual(result, frozenset())
+
+    def test_empty_glob_string(self):
+        result = self.mod.scan_video_devices("")
+        self.assertIsInstance(result, frozenset)
+
+
+class TestStatusConstants(unittest.TestCase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls): cls.mod = _load_mod()
+
+    def test_connected_string(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.mod.STATUS_CONNECTED, "connected")
+
+    def test_disconnected_string(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.mod.STATUS_DISCONNECTED, "disconnected")
+
+    def test_restarting_string(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.mod.STATUS_RESTARTING, "restarting")
+
+
+# ── Tests: compute_transition ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+class TestComputeTransition(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Tests for the pure state-machine function."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls): cls.mod = _load_mod()
+
+    def _tr(self, state, prev, curr, now=100.0,
+            disc_t=0.0, restart_until=0.0, grace=5.0, hold=2.0):
+        return self.mod.compute_transition(
+            state, frozenset(prev), frozenset(curr),
+            now, disc_t, restart_until, grace, hold,
+        )
+
+    # ── DISCONNECTED transitions ──────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def test_disc_no_devices_stays_disconnected(self):
+        s, _, _ = self._tr("disconnected", [], [])
+        self.assertEqual(s, "disconnected")
+
+    def test_disc_devices_appear_fresh_connect(self):
+        """No prior disconnect → fresh connect, not restarting."""
+        s, _, _ = self._tr("disconnected", [], ["/dev/video0"],
+                            disc_t=0.0, now=100.0)
+        self.assertEqual(s, "connected")
+
+    def test_disc_devices_appear_within_grace(self):
+        """Reappears within grace window → restarting."""
+        # disconnected at t=95, now=t=99, grace=5 → 4 s elapsed → within
+        s, _, rup = self._tr("disconnected", [], ["/dev/video0"],
+                              now=99.0, disc_t=95.0, grace=5.0, hold=2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(s, "restarting")
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rup, 99.0 + 2.0)
+
+    def test_disc_devices_appear_outside_grace(self):
+        """Reappears after grace window → connected directly."""
+        # disconnected at t=80, now=100, grace=5 → 20 s elapsed → outside
+        s, _, _ = self._tr("disconnected", [], ["/dev/video0"],
+                            now=100.0, disc_t=80.0, grace=5.0)
+        self.assertEqual(s, "connected")
+
+    def test_disc_devices_appear_exactly_at_grace(self):
+        """At exactly grace_s seconds the window is still inclusive → restarting."""
+        s, _, _ = self._tr("disconnected", [], ["/dev/video0"],
+                            now=100.0, disc_t=95.0, grace=5.0)
+        # now - disc_t = 5.0, grace = 5.0 → 5.0 <= 5.0 is True → restarting
+        self.assertEqual(s, "restarting")
+
+    # ── CONNECTED transitions ─────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def test_conn_same_devices_stays_connected(self):
+        s, _, _ = self._tr("connected", ["/dev/video0"], ["/dev/video0"])
+        self.assertEqual(s, "connected")
+
+    def test_conn_no_devices_disconnects(self):
+        s, disc_t, _ = self._tr("connected", ["/dev/video0"], [], now=200.0)
+        self.assertEqual(s, "disconnected")
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(disc_t, 200.0)
+
+    def test_conn_device_added_restarting(self):
+        """New device appears alongside existing → restarting."""
+        s, _, rup = self._tr("connected",
+                             ["/dev/video0"],
+                             ["/dev/video0", "/dev/video1"],
+                             now=50.0, hold=2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(s, "restarting")
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rup, 52.0)
+
+    def test_conn_device_replaced_restarting(self):
+        """Different device path → restarting."""
+        s, _, _ = self._tr("connected", ["/dev/video0"], ["/dev/video2"])
+        self.assertEqual(s, "restarting")
+
+    def test_conn_device_removed_partial_restarting(self):
+        """One of multiple devices lost (not all) → restarting."""
+        s, _, _ = self._tr("connected",
+                            ["/dev/video0", "/dev/video1"],
+                            ["/dev/video0"])
+        self.assertEqual(s, "restarting")
+
+    def test_conn_multiple_same_stays_connected(self):
+        devs = ["/dev/video0", "/dev/video1"]
+        s, _, _ = self._tr("connected", devs, devs)
+        self.assertEqual(s, "connected")
+
+    # ── RESTARTING transitions ────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def test_restarting_hold_not_elapsed_stays(self):
+        s, _, _ = self._tr("restarting", ["/dev/video0"], ["/dev/video0"],
+                            now=50.0, restart_until=52.0)
+        self.assertEqual(s, "restarting")
+
+    def test_restarting_hold_elapsed_with_devices_connected(self):
+        s, _, _ = self._tr("restarting", ["/dev/video0"], ["/dev/video0"],
+                            now=55.0, restart_until=52.0)
+        self.assertEqual(s, "connected")
+
+    def test_restarting_hold_elapsed_no_devices_disconnected(self):
+        s, disc_t, _ = self._tr("restarting", ["/dev/video0"], [],
+                                  now=55.0, restart_until=52.0)
+        self.assertEqual(s, "disconnected")
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(disc_t, 55.0)
+
+    def test_restarting_at_exact_hold_elapsed(self):
+        s, _, _ = self._tr("restarting", ["/dev/video0"], ["/dev/video0"],
+                            now=52.0, restart_until=52.0)
+        # now >= restart_until → resolves
+        self.assertEqual(s, "connected")
+
+    def test_restarting_preserves_disconnect_time(self):
+        _, disc_t, _ = self._tr("restarting", ["/dev/video0"], ["/dev/video0"],
+                                  now=50.0, disc_t=40.0, restart_until=49.0)
+        # hold elapsed → connected; disconnect_time unchanged
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(disc_t, 40.0)
+
+    # ── Return value shapes ───────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def test_returns_tuple_of_three(self):
+        result = self._tr("disconnected", [], [])
+        self.assertEqual(len(result), 3)
+
+    def test_new_state_is_string(self):
+        s, _, _ = self._tr("disconnected", [], [])
+        self.assertIsInstance(s, str)
+
+    def test_disconnect_time_float(self):
+        _, dt, _ = self._tr("connected", ["/dev/video0"], [], now=42.5)
+        self.assertIsInstance(dt, float)
+
+    def test_restart_until_float(self):
+        _, _, rup = self._tr("disconnected", [], ["/dev/video0"],
+                              disc_t=99.0, now=100.0, grace=5.0, hold=3.0)
+        self.assertIsInstance(rup, float)
+
+
+# ── Tests: node init ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+class TestNodeInit(unittest.TestCase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls): cls.mod = _load_mod()
+
+    def test_instantiates_no_devices(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=[])
+        self.assertIsNotNone(node)
+
+    def test_instantiates_with_devices(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=["/dev/video0"])
+        self.assertIsNotNone(node)
+
+    def test_initial_state_disconnected(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=[])
+        self.assertEqual(node.state, "disconnected")
+
+    def test_initial_state_connected(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=["/dev/video0"])
+        self.assertEqual(node.state, "connected")
+
+    def test_publishes_initial_state(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=[])
+        pub = node._pubs["/saltybot/camera_status"]
+        self.assertEqual(len(pub.msgs), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(pub.msgs[0].data, "disconnected")
+
+    def test_publishes_initial_connected(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=["/dev/video0"])
+        pub = node._pubs["/saltybot/camera_status"]
+        self.assertEqual(pub.msgs[0].data, "connected")
+
+    def test_publisher_registered(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod)
+        self.assertIn("/saltybot/camera_status", node._pubs)
+
+    def test_timer_registered(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod)
+        self.assertGreater(len(node._timers), 0)
+
+    def test_custom_output_topic(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, output_topic="/my/cam_status")
+        self.assertIn("/my/cam_status", node._pubs)
+
+    def test_devices_property(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=["/dev/video0"])
+        self.assertEqual(node.devices, frozenset(["/dev/video0"]))
+
+    def test_no_devices_property_empty(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=[])
+        self.assertEqual(node.devices, frozenset())
+
+
+# ── Tests: _scan_cb state transitions ────────────────────────────────────────
+
+class TestScanCb(unittest.TestCase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls): cls.mod = _load_mod()
+
+    def _pub(self, node):
+        return node._pubs["/saltybot/camera_status"]
+
+    def test_no_change_no_publish(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=[])
+        pub = self._pub(node)
+        initial_count = len(pub.msgs)
+        _set_scan(node, [])
+        node._scan_cb()
+        self.assertEqual(len(pub.msgs), initial_count)
+
+    def test_device_appears_publishes_connected(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=[])
+        _set_scan(node, ["/dev/video0"])
+        node._scan_cb()
+        self.assertEqual(self._pub(node).msgs[-1].data, "connected")
+
+    def test_device_lost_publishes_disconnected(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=["/dev/video0"])
+        _set_scan(node, [])
+        node._scan_cb()
+        self.assertEqual(self._pub(node).msgs[-1].data, "disconnected")
+
+    def test_device_replaced_publishes_restarting(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=["/dev/video0"])
+        _set_scan(node, ["/dev/video2"])
+        node._scan_cb()
+        self.assertEqual(self._pub(node).msgs[-1].data, "restarting")
+
+    def test_reconnect_within_grace_publishes_restarting(self):
+        """Simulate: connected → disconnected → reconnected within grace."""
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=["/dev/video0"],
+                          restart_grace_s=10.0)
+        # Simulate disconnect
+        _set_scan(node, [])
+        node._scan_cb()
+        self.assertEqual(node.state, "disconnected")
+        # Quick reconnect — disconnect_time was just set, well within grace
+        _set_scan(node, ["/dev/video0"])
+        node._scan_cb()
+        self.assertEqual(node.state, "restarting")
+        self.assertEqual(self._pub(node).msgs[-1].data, "restarting")
+
+    def test_restarting_resolves_to_connected_after_hold(self):
+        """After hold expires, restarting → connected."""
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=["/dev/video0"],
+                          restart_hold_s=0.0)   # instant hold
+        # Device changes → restarting
+        _set_scan(node, ["/dev/video2"])
+        node._scan_cb()
+        self.assertEqual(node.state, "restarting")
+        # Next tick: hold = 0.0 → restart_until is in the past → resolves
+        _set_scan(node, ["/dev/video2"])
+        node._scan_cb()
+        self.assertEqual(node.state, "connected")
+
+    def test_restarting_resolves_to_disconnected_when_no_device(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=["/dev/video0"],
+                          restart_hold_s=0.0)
+        _set_scan(node, ["/dev/video2"])
+        node._scan_cb()   # → restarting
+        _set_scan(node, [])
+        node._scan_cb()   # → disconnected
+        self.assertEqual(node.state, "disconnected")
+
+    def test_publish_always_publishes_every_tick(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=[], publish_always=True)
+        pub  = self._pub(node)
+        before = len(pub.msgs)
+        _set_scan(node, [])
+        node._scan_cb()
+        node._scan_cb()
+        node._scan_cb()
+        self.assertEqual(len(pub.msgs), before + 3)
+
+    def test_no_publish_always_skips_unchanged(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=[], publish_always=False)
+        pub  = self._pub(node)
+        before = len(pub.msgs)
+        _set_scan(node, [])
+        node._scan_cb()
+        node._scan_cb()
+        # State unchanged → no additional publishes
+        self.assertEqual(len(pub.msgs), before)
+
+    def test_state_transitions_logged(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=[])
+        _set_scan(node, ["/dev/video0"])
+        node._scan_cb()
+        infos = [m for lvl, m in node._logs if lvl == "INFO"]
+        self.assertTrue(any("connected" in m.lower() for m in infos))
+
+    def test_multiple_devices_connected(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=[])
+        _set_scan(node, ["/dev/video0", "/dev/video1"])
+        node._scan_cb()
+        self.assertEqual(node.state, "connected")
+
+    def test_partial_loss_restarting(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod,
+                          initial_devices=["/dev/video0", "/dev/video1"])
+        _set_scan(node, ["/dev/video0"])
+        node._scan_cb()
+        self.assertEqual(node.state, "restarting")
+
+    def test_state_property_updated(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=[])
+        self.assertEqual(node.state, "disconnected")
+        _set_scan(node, ["/dev/video0"])
+        node._scan_cb()
+        self.assertEqual(node.state, "connected")
+
+    def test_devices_property_updated(self):
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=[])
+        _set_scan(node, ["/dev/video0"])
+        node._scan_cb()
+        self.assertIn("/dev/video0", node.devices)
+
+    def test_full_lifecycle(self):
+        """Full cycle: disconnected → connected → restarting → disconnected."""
+        node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=[],
+                          restart_grace_s=60.0, restart_hold_s=0.0)
+        pub = self._pub(node)
+
+        # Boot: disconnected
+        self.assertEqual(node.state, "disconnected")
+
+        # Camera plugged in
+        _set_scan(node, ["/dev/video0"])
+        node._scan_cb()
+        self.assertEqual(node.state, "connected")
+
+        # Camera hot-unplugged then immediately replugged
+        _set_scan(node, [])
+        node._scan_cb()
+        self.assertEqual(node.state, "disconnected")
+
+        _set_scan(node, ["/dev/video0"])
+        node._scan_cb()
+        self.assertEqual(node.state, "restarting")
+
+        # Hold expires (hold_s=0) → resolves to connected
+        node._scan_cb()
+        self.assertEqual(node.state, "connected")
+
+        # Camera fully removed
+        _set_scan(node, [])
+        node._scan_cb()
+        self.assertEqual(node.state, "disconnected")
+
+        status_sequence = [m.data for m in pub.msgs]
+        # Must contain all three statuses in the sequence
+        self.assertIn("connected",    status_sequence)
+        self.assertIn("disconnected", status_sequence)
+        self.assertIn("restarting",   status_sequence)
+
+
+# ── Tests: _publish ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+class TestPublish(unittest.TestCase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls): cls.mod = _load_mod()
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.node = _make_node(self.mod, initial_devices=[])
+        self.pub  = self.node._pubs["/saltybot/camera_status"]
+
+    def test_publish_connected(self):
+        self.node._publish("connected")
+        self.assertEqual(self.pub.msgs[-1].data, "connected")
+
+    def test_publish_disconnected(self):
+        self.node._publish("disconnected")
+        self.assertEqual(self.pub.msgs[-1].data, "disconnected")
+
+    def test_publish_restarting(self):
+        self.node._publish("restarting")
+        self.assertEqual(self.pub.msgs[-1].data, "restarting")
+
+    def test_publish_increments_msg_count(self):
+        before = len(self.pub.msgs)
+        self.node._publish("connected")
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.pub.msgs), before + 1)
+
+
+# ── Tests: source content ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+class TestNodeSrc(unittest.TestCase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        with open(_SRC) as f: cls.src = f.read()
+
+    def test_issue_tag(self):             self.assertIn("#320", self.src)
+    def test_output_topic(self):          self.assertIn("/saltybot/camera_status", self.src)
+    def test_dev_video_glob(self):        self.assertIn("/dev/video*", self.src)
+    def test_status_connected(self):      self.assertIn('"connected"', self.src)
+    def test_status_disconnected(self):   self.assertIn('"disconnected"', self.src)
+    def test_status_restarting(self):     self.assertIn('"restarting"', self.src)
+    def test_compute_transition_fn(self): self.assertIn("compute_transition", self.src)
+    def test_scan_video_devices_fn(self): self.assertIn("scan_video_devices", self.src)
+    def test_restart_grace_param(self):   self.assertIn("restart_grace_s", self.src)
+    def test_restart_hold_param(self):    self.assertIn("restart_hold_s", self.src)
+    def test_poll_rate_param(self):       self.assertIn("poll_rate", self.src)
+    def test_publish_always_param(self):  self.assertIn("publish_always", self.src)
+    def test_threading_lock(self):        self.assertIn("threading.Lock", self.src)
+    def test_glob_used(self):             self.assertIn("glob", self.src)
+    def test_main_defined(self):          self.assertIn("def main", self.src)
+    def test_scan_fn_injectable(self):    self.assertIn("_scan_fn", self.src)
+    def test_string_msg(self):            self.assertIn("String", self.src)
+
+
+# ── Tests: config / launch / setup ────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+class TestConfig(unittest.TestCase):
+    _CONFIG = (
+        "/Users/seb/AI/saltylab-firmware/jetson/ros2_ws/src/"
+        "saltybot_social/config/camera_hotplug_params.yaml"
+    )
+    _LAUNCH = (
+        "/Users/seb/AI/saltylab-firmware/jetson/ros2_ws/src/"
+        "saltybot_social/launch/camera_hotplug.launch.py"
+    )
+    _SETUP = (
+        "/Users/seb/AI/saltylab-firmware/jetson/ros2_ws/src/"
+        "saltybot_social/setup.py"
+    )
+
+    def test_config_exists(self):
+        import os; self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(self._CONFIG))
+
+    def test_config_video_glob(self):
+        with open(self._CONFIG) as f: c = f.read()
+        self.assertIn("video_glob", c)
+
+    def test_config_poll_rate(self):
+        with open(self._CONFIG) as f: c = f.read()
+        self.assertIn("poll_rate", c)
+
+    def test_config_restart_grace(self):
+        with open(self._CONFIG) as f: c = f.read()
+        self.assertIn("restart_grace_s", c)
+
+    def test_config_restart_hold(self):
+        with open(self._CONFIG) as f: c = f.read()
+        self.assertIn("restart_hold_s", c)
+
+    def test_launch_exists(self):
+        import os; self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(self._LAUNCH))
+
+    def test_launch_video_glob_arg(self):
+        with open(self._LAUNCH) as f: c = f.read()
+        self.assertIn("video_glob", c)
+
+    def test_launch_restart_grace_arg(self):
+        with open(self._LAUNCH) as f: c = f.read()
+        self.assertIn("restart_grace_s", c)
+
+    def test_entry_point_in_setup(self):
+        with open(self._SETUP) as f: c = f.read()
+        self.assertIn("camera_hotplug_node", c)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()